Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the percentage of patients admitted to the ICU having received the vaccine against COVID-19, to describe the clinical profile of vaccinated patients admitted to the ICU, and to assess the humoral immune response to vaccination. Methods: In this multicenter prospective descriptive cohort study, consecutive critically ill patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who received at least one dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were included. The time of study was from 1 July to 10 August of 2021. Results: Of the 94 consecutive patients from seven Andalusian ICUs admitted during the time of study, 50 (53.2%) received at least one dose of anti SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. No patient was admitted having previously had SARS-CoV-2 infection. The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant was the most frequently identified, in 80.76% of cases. Patients with a complete vaccination with non-optimal antibody levels were immunocompromised. Fifteen patients were admitted to the ICU with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) without having completed their vaccination; the clinical profile was younger and with less comorbidities compared to patients with full vaccination. There were no differences in severity of ARDS. Conclusions: Most of the patients who were admitted to the ICU having received a dose of the vaccine were not optimally vaccinated; fully vaccinated patients who did not obtain optimal serum antibody levels were patients considered immunocompromised.
Highlights
There has been a decrease in the number of hospitalizations when compared to the previous waves of the pandemic [1], severe cases continue to be admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs), most of them without yet having access to vaccination
A total of 94 consecutive patients from seven Andalusian ICUs were admitted during time of study, and 50 received at least one dose of anti SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
No patient admitted to the ICU had previous SARS-CoV-2 infection; these people have been shown to have a better serological response to the administration of vaccines [6]
Summary
There has been a decrease in the number of hospitalizations when compared to the previous waves of the pandemic [1], severe cases continue to be admitted to ICUs, most of them without yet having access to vaccination. It seems important to know whether vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 results in ICU admission With this pilot study we can estimate the future burden of this disease in autumn and learn more about what type of patients will be admitted to ICUs infected by SARS-CoV-2 while vaccinated. We hypothesized that vaccinated patients who are developing severe forms of the disease are due to incorrect vaccination schedule or immune status-related comorbidities that have conditioned an insufficient immune response We present this pilot study with the following objectives: to analyze the percentage of patients admitted to the ICU having received the vaccine against. Results: Of the 94 consecutive patients from seven Andalusian ICUs admitted during the time of study, 50 (53.2%) received at least one dose of anti SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Conclusions: Most of the patients who were admitted to the ICU having received a dose of the vaccine were not optimally vaccinated; fully vaccinated patients who did not obtain optimal serum antibody levels were patients considered immunocompromised
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