Abstract
In the previous papers (7, 8, 9, 10) the author investigated the developmental characteristics in the comparison of similarity among figures, which differed in direction and arrangement of their elements. Experimental results showed that the comparison of similarity among figures had certain tendency along with the developmental process. The present study was undertaken to obtain information regarding developmental characteristics in the comparison of similarity among figures, which were composed of the same elements but differed in direction. The standard figures were presented upright along the north-south-direction of the system of coordinate and the comparison figures presented were rotated at angles of 45° (NE), 90° (E), 135° (SE), 180° (S), 225° (SW), 270° (W) and 315° (NW). Four sets of figures were used in the present experiment. Each set consisted of a standard figure and seven comparison figures. The subject was asked to select from the latter the figure which has the closest similarity to the former. The subjects amounted to the total of 634 from kindergarten-children (age of 5) to adults (age of 26).The results were as follows:(1) Results with kindergarten children on the comparison of similarity of figures in direction showed that reversal figures (figures which are rotated at angle of 180° (S) on the system of coordinate) were chosen preferably and the preferences for figures of the other directions were undifferentiated.(2) Results with adults in the recognition of similarty showed that the comparison figures which had the minimal apparent difference from the standard figures were dominantly chosen, followed by the reversal figures as the second rank, the residual figures in the other directions being far less chosen.(3) The transitory period of shifting to adult characteristics in the recognition of similarity in directions was observed at the age levels from 6 to 8 years and the recognition of adult type was found to begin approximately at the age of 9.
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