Abstract
We have reinforced the assertion that the devil's staircase and the thresholdless, hysteresis free, V-shaped switching are two manifestations of the frustration between ferro-and antif-erro-electricity, emphasizing that the third nearest neighbor interaction parameter may become negative, i.e. J 3 < 0. Three important consequences are: (1) The subphase with q=1/6 becomes to exist stably even in the ground state. (2) A number of subphases emerge and may apparently look like a single subphase. (3) It is not easy to distinguish SC* from frustrated subphases with small q numbers. We have summarized compounds and mixtures for the Y-shaped switching that are described in Japanese Patent Gazettes open to public recently. The materials show an antiferroelectric, probably q=1/6, subphase or an apparently single subphase in a wide temperature range; some of them are characterized with novel chiral parts.
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