時間-空間-都卜勒超寬頻系統(UWB)設計應用於漸褪頻道

Abstract

In this thesis, we cope with the fundamental mathematical and physical problems of the space-time-Doppler UWB system design for fading channels: multi-input multi-output (MIMO) wireless communication with adaptive filtering. The estimation algorithm from equalizer providing an accurate parameters estimate is investigated. UWB radio is a fast emerging technology with uniquely attractively features inviting major advances in wireless communications, networking, radar, imaging, and positioning systems. By its rule-making proposal in 2002, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States essentially unleashed huge new bandwidth (3.6-10.6 GHz) at the noise floor, where UWB radios overlaying coexistence RF systems cerate using low-power ultra-short information bearing pulses. Right now, there are three basic types of UWB: multiband OFDM UWB (MB-OFDM UWB), impulse-UWB (I-UWB), and direct sequence UWB (DS-UWB). We focus on I-UWB and MB-OFDM-UWB, and compare their performance. A simple means for spreading the spectrum of low duty cycle pulse trains is time hopping (TH), with pulse position modulation (PPM) for data modulation at the rate of many pulses per data bit. The main contribution of this thesis for I-UWB is the design of leading edge detectors, coherent correlation detector (CCD), and pilot performance enhancement compared with different Rayleigh and Ricean fading conditions. For MB-OFDM UWB, we have considered the performance analysis and design criteria of MIMO OFDM UWB systems for high data-rate wireless transmission. The signal processing of frame detection, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, channel estimation, synchronization tracking using pilot subcarriers and 2-D MIMO detection algorithms is discussed. The main contributions of this thesis are 1) Compared with receiver employing the Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector, the receiver employing a low-complexity linear Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) demodulator can perform a limited performance loss in spatially uncorrelated channels. 2) Due to the operations of spreading and dispreading combined with MMSE-based frequency domain equalization, the adverse effects of the low-SNR subcarriers on the average BER performance are potentially improved. This is a direct consequence of spreading, because even if the signal corresponding to a specific chip is obliterated by a deep frequency domain channel fade, after dispreading these effects are spread over the Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT) length. Hence there is a high chance of still recovering all the partially affected subcarrier symbols without errors. 3) As a test case, the OFDM-based 200 Mb/s MB-UWB network (IEEE 802.15.3a) are considered, but the simulation results are shown above section. 4) The simulation channel can be easily applied to NOS and NLOS situation with WHT transformation from Simulink model. The fading channels of UWB with low/high signal to noise ratio (SNR), multipath effects, and multiuser interference may introduce large errors in location. The location engine performs the following tasks: █ Data fusion techniques: Different data fusion techniques are implemented using Time Of Arrival (TOA), Angle Of Arrival (AOA), or a combination of both. █ Channel modeling: A multipath, multiuser channel environment is created that models path loss, shadowing, Rayleigh fading, and Doppler frequency effects. █ Parameter estimation: TOA and AOA estimation algorithms are implemented as part of the location finding engine. Different variations of algorithms are implemented for performance and comparison purposes. █ Configuring the physical layer for different wireless networks. Among the programmable parameters are spreading factor, packet size, training length, constellation type, modulation technique, carrier frequency, level of transmitted signal power, and the number of antennas at the transmitter for both sides. █ Configuring the mobile user conditions. The wireless channel models depend on the Doppler frequencies present in the environment. The Doppler frequency depends on the mobile speed and carrier frequencies as input and generates a Rayleigh fading channel with the U-shape Doppler spectrum. █ Configuring the environmental parameters and network geographical structure. One of the factors affecting the performance of the wireless location system is the environment type (e.g., bad urban, urban, suburban, or rural area). For example, in a bad urban area with many blocking objects and buildings, non-line of sight (NLOS) effects plays an important role in the estimation accuracy.