Abstract
This paper presents the design of a printed step-type monopole antenna for biological tissue analysis and medical imaging applications in the microwave frequency range. The design starts from a very simple and widely known rectangular monopole antenna, and different modifications to the antenna geometry are made in order to increase the bandwidth. The antenna dimensions are optimized by means of a parametric analysis of each dimension using a 3-D electromagnetic simulator based on the finite element method. The optimized antenna, with final dimensions of 40 × 36 mm2, is manufactured onto a low-cost FR4 (fiber glass epoxy) substrate. The characteristics of the antenna have been measured inside an anechoic chamber, obtaining an omnidirectional radiation pattern and a working frequency range between 2.7 GHz and 11.4 GHz, which covers the UWB frequencies and enables the use of the antenna in medical imaging applications. Finally, the behaviour of four of these antennas located around a realistic breast model, made with biocompatible materials, has been analysed with the electromagnetic simulator, obtaining good results and demonstrating the usefulness of the designed antenna in the proposed application.
Highlights
Cancer is one of the diseases with the highest incidence worldwide
The number of diagnosed cases of breast cancer continues to grow globally, but life expectancy for patients is improving, due in part to the progress of detection systems, which allow diagnosing the disease at earlier stages and, on the other hand, to the improvement in the effectiveness of the treatments
The proposed antenna is based on a printed monopole antenna withthe microstrip possible and meetinthe ofbeen the medical system feeding.bandwidth
Summary
Cancer is one of the diseases with the highest incidence worldwide. This sickness is responsible for one in six deaths globally and accounts for almost 30% of premature deaths.Breast cancer is the second most frequent and the first among women, accounting for 11.6%of diagnosed cases in 2018 [1]. Cancer is one of the diseases with the highest incidence worldwide. This sickness is responsible for one in six deaths globally and accounts for almost 30% of premature deaths. The number of diagnosed cases of breast cancer continues to grow globally, but life expectancy for patients is improving, due in part to the progress of detection systems, which allow diagnosing the disease at earlier stages and, on the other hand, to the improvement in the effectiveness of the treatments. The most widely used technique is X-ray mammography. This technique has some disadvantages, such as the use of X-rays, that are ionizing waves and entail certain risks for patients and limits the maximum number of exposures, or the compression of the breast, causing pain and discomfort to the patients. X-ray mammograms have high failure rates, with a high number of false positives and negatives [2,3]
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