UVA-induced effects of 2,6-disubstituted 4-anilinoquinazolines on cancer cell lines

Abstract

Five 2,6-substituted 4-anilinoquinazolines were evaluated for their ability to generate superoxide radical anion and singlet oxygen upon UVA irradiation and to induce cytotoxic/phototoxic effects on cancer cell lines L1210, HeLa and HT-29. The formation of radical intermediates, especially reactive oxygen species, upon UVA photoexcitation of the studied derivatives was monitored by indirect techniques of EPR spectroscopy. For all 4-anilinoquinazolines the photoinduced generation of superoxide radical anion was evidenced using spin trapping agent 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide, and the presence of 1O2 was detected by the oxidation of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine to the paramagnetic species 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine N-oxyl. The confirmed photoinduced activation of molecular oxygen via both Type I and Type II photooxidation mechanisms indicates potential phototoxic responses in cells. Biological results showed that derivatives I–V initiated different cytotoxic/phototoxic effects dependent on their concentration, time of treatment and the character of the cell line. UVA irradiation increased the cytotoxic activity of all tested 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives. The highest cytotoxicity/phototoxicity on all tested cancer cells was induced by N,2-diphenyl-quinazolin-4-amine (derivative III). This most effective derivative emerged as the potent photosensitizer, which possesses a significant antiproliferative activity and DNA damage in L1210 cells increased by UVA irradiation. In addition derivative III induced programmed cell death in leukemia cells through mitochondrial/caspase 9/caspase 3-dependent pathway.