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Abstract
The presence of naphthenic acids in oil sand products and process streams is the cause of toxicity to aquatic life and corrosion. The removal of organic acids from tailings pond water reduces the negative impact on marine life. The ultra-violet (UV) photocatalytic reduction of commercial naphthenic acid in water using TiO2-zeolitecomposites showed a significant decrease in the concentration of naphthenic acid, accompanied by an increase in carbon dioxide formation; the presence of carbon dioxide signifies degradation of the naphthenic acids. Mixtures of the acid and photocatalyst kept in the dark did not show any concentration changes. The extent of naphthenic acid reduction by UV light was verified by the reduction in total acidity. The total acidity values of mixtures of the acid and TiO2-zeoliteexposed to UV decreased by 31% compared to mixtures kept in the dark. A reduction in total acidity may lead to a decrease in the toxicity of naphthenic acid contaminated water.
Highlights
Naphthenic acids (NAs) are found naturally in crude oils or oil sands bitumen and are an oxidative product of petroleum hydrocarbons
Naphthenic acid contaminated water is thought to be toxic to aquatic life by interfering with gas exchange and metabolic processes in plants and fish. [1]
It has been reported that UV-B (280 - 315 nm) and UV-C (200 - 280 nm) wavelengths are suitable for most waste water treatments, with the optimal wavelength at 254 nm ideal for remediation of naphthenic acids, where the photocatalysts are either immersed in the contaminated water as a slurry or used in a fixed-bed reactor [7]-[9]
Summary
Naphthenic acids (NAs) are found naturally in crude oils or oil sands bitumen and are an oxidative product of petroleum hydrocarbons. (2014) UV Photocatalytic Degradation of Commercial Naphthenic Acid Using TiO2-Zeolite Composites. Among the various methods of reducing the concentration and toxicity of naphthenic acids in contaminated water, chemical treatment involving use of oxidants such as ozone, permanganate, and chlorine has been proven but the high operating costs coupled with production of hazardous by-products is problematic. Photocatalytic oxidation is emerging as an innovative approach for treatment of organic pollutants including NAs. It has been reported that UV-B (280 - 315 nm) and UV-C (200 - 280 nm) wavelengths are suitable for most waste water treatments, with the optimal wavelength at 254 nm ideal for remediation of naphthenic acids, where the photocatalysts are either immersed in the contaminated water as a slurry or used in a fixed-bed reactor [7]-[9]. Any compositional and/or concentration changes in naphthenic acid before and after UV irradiation were followed by GC-MS with electron impact mode
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