Abstract
UV-LEDs are a new method of disinfecting drinking water. Some viruses are very resistant to UV and the efficiency of UV-LEDs to disinfect them needs to be studied. Drinking water was disinfected with UV-LEDs after spiking the water with MS2 and four UV- and/or Cl-resistant coliphages belonging to RNA or DNA coliphages isolated from municipal wastewater. UV-LEDs operating at a wavelength of 270 nm for 2 min with 120 mW of irradiation caused 0.93–2.73 Log10-reductions of coliphages tested in a reactor of a 5.2 L volume. Irradiation time of 10 min in the same system increased the Log10-reductions to 4.30–5.16. Traditional mercury UV (Hg-UV) lamp at a 254 nm wavelength caused 0.67–4.08 Log10-reductions in 2 min and 4.56–7.21 Log10-reductions in 10 min in 10 mL of water. All coliphages tested except MS2 achieved 4 Log10-reductions with UV-LEDs at a dose that corresponded to 70 mWs/cm2 using Hg-UV. Thus, UV-LEDs are a promising method of disinfecting UV- and/or Cl-resistant viruses.
Highlights
Disinfection of water is essential, since contamination of water with pathogens, such as enteric viruses, may lead to diarrheal cases, the number of which is calculated to be more than 1.6 billion each year [1]
Four Log10 -reductions of Strains 1, 5, 7 and 17 were achieved with UV light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) within min of contact time which corresponds to the dose of 70 mWs/cm2 using Hg-UV in a collimator
We found that UV-LEDs at 270 nm were sufficient to inactivate DNA and RNA coliphages in water even when the water volume was as high as 5.2 L with water layer thicknesses of 6.7 cm
Summary
Disinfection of water is essential, since contamination of water with pathogens, such as enteric viruses, may lead to diarrheal cases, the number of which is calculated to be more than 1.6 billion each year [1]. Many enteric viruses have similarities with coliphage viruses having RNA or DNA in their genome [2]. Male-specific RNA coliphages such as MS2 are often used as indicators for monitoring virological quality of water [3]. UV irradiation is one option when disinfecting microbes which may be resistant to the chemical disinfection of water [4]. The UV treatment needs only a short contact time compared to chemical disinfection [5,6], and it does not form disinfection by-products or change the taste or odor of water. UV irradiation does not cause corrosion in the water distribution system
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