UV-Induced Wnt7a in the Human Skin Microenvironment Specifies the Fate of Neural Crest–Like Cells via Suppression of Notch

Abstract

Multipotent stem cells with neural crest-like properties have been identified in the dermis of human skin. These neural crest stem cell (NCSC)-like cells display self-renewal capacity and differentiate into neural crest derivatives, including epidermal pigment-producing melanocytes. NCSC-like cells share many properties with aggressive melanoma cells, such as high migratory capabilities and expression of the neural crest markers. However, little is known about which intrinsic or extrinsic signals determine the proliferation or differentiation of these neural crest-like stem cells. Here, we show that in NCSC-like cells, Notch signaling is highly activated, similar to melanoma cells. Inhibition of Notch signaling reduced proliferation of NCSC-like cells, induced cell death, and down-regulated non-canonical Wnt5a, suggesting that the Notch pathway contributes to the maintenance and motility of these stem cells. In three-dimensional skin reconstructs, canonical Wnt signaling promoted the differentiation of NCSC-like cells into melanocytes. This differentiation was triggered by the endogenous Notch inhibitor Numb, which is up-regulated in the stem cells by Wnt7a derived from UV-irradiated keratinocytes. Together, these data reveal a crosstalk between the two conserved developmental pathways in postnatal human skin, and highlight the role of the skin microenvironment in specifying the fate of stem cells.