Utilizing Point of Care Ultrasound for Ventilation Liberation: A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review

Abstract

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is an essential aspect of critical care for patients with acute respiratory failure, but prolonged MV can lead to various complications. Ultrasound (US) is becoming widely available and simple to use, and more people are getting trained to use it. It offers real-time radiation-free assessment of lung aeration, diaphragmatic, and cardiac function. This review explores the role of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in enhancing decision-making and patient care during the weaning and liberation process from MV. Lung US aids in diagnosing lung and pleural pathologies, thereby optimizing ventilator settings and lung recruitment, while diaphragmatic ultrasound provides valuable insights into diaphragmatic atrophy and readiness for extubation. Cardiac function evaluation helps in optimizing hemodynamics that may affect weaning. Despite its advantages, it is crucial to realize that POCUS has limitations, and standardized protocols are still lacking. In conclusion, POCUS holds promise in improving the weaning process and patient care in the context of MV liberation, complementing existing weaning protocols.