Utilizing Osteocyte Derived Factors to Enhance Cell Viability and Osteogenic Matrix Deposition within IPN Hydrogels.

Laurens Parmentier,David A Hoey,Mathieu Riffault

doi:10.3390/ma13071690

Laurens Parmentier, David A Hoey + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071690

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Abstract

Many bone defects arising due to traumatic injury, disease, or surgery are unable to regenerate, requiring intervention. More than four million graft procedures are performed each year to treat these defects making bone the second most commonly transplanted tissue worldwide. However, these types of graft suffer from a limited supply, a second surgical site, donor site morbidity, and pain. Due to the unmet clinical need for new materials to promote skeletal repair, this study aimed to produce novel biomimetic materials to enhance stem/stromal cell osteogenesis and bone repair by recapitulating aspects of the biophysical and biochemical cues found within the bone microenvironment. Utilizing a collagen type I–alginate interpenetrating polymer network we fabricated a material which mirrors the mechanical and structural properties of unmineralized bone, consisting of a porous fibrous matrix with a young’s modulus of 64 kPa, both of which have been shown to enhance mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) osteogenesis. Moreover, by combining this material with biochemical paracrine factors released by statically cultured and mechanically stimulated osteocytes, we further mirrored the biochemical environment of the bone niche, enhancing stromal/stem cell viability, differentiation, and matrix deposition. Therefore, this biomimetic material represents a novel approach to promote skeletal repair.

Highlights

Bone defects arise due to traumatic injury, disease, or orthopedic surgeries and many of these are unable to regenerate requiring intervention [1]
To determine the influence of alginate addition to the microstructure of the materials, each Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) was observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Figure 2c)
Due to thebiomimetic unmet clinical need for new materials to promote repair,and thisbone studyrepair aimedbyto recapitulating aspects of the biophysical and biochemical cues found within the bone microenvironment

Summary

Introduction

Bone defects arise due to traumatic injury, disease, or orthopedic surgeries and many of these are unable to regenerate requiring intervention [1]. The prevalence of bone defects, their associated morbidity, and socio-economic cost necessitates the need for new materials to promote skeletal repair through regeneration [3]. It is intuitive that a material which mimics the native tissue may be optimal to promote repair and it is autografts that are currently used as the clinical gold standard. These types of grafts suffer from a limited supply, a second surgical site, donor site morbidity, and pain [4]. Bone substitute materials are gaining much interest as an alternative to grafts.

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