Abstract
The greatest threat to potato production world-wide is late blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. A screen of 126 wild diploid Solanum accessions from the Commonwealth Potato Collection (CPC) with P. infestans isolates belonging to the genotype 13-A2 identified resistances in the species S. bulbocastanum, S. capsicibaccatum, S. microdontum, S. mochiquense, S. okadae, S. pinnatisectum, S. polyadenium, S. tarijense, and S. verrucosum. Effector-omics, allele mining, and diagnostic RenSeq (dRenSeq) were utilized to investigate the nature of resistances in S. okadae accessions. dRenSeq in resistant S. okadae accessions 7129, 7625, 3762, and a bulk of 20 resistant progeny confirmed the presence of full-length Rpi-vnt1.1 under stringent mapping conditions and corroborated allele mining results in the accessions 7129 and 7625 as well as Avr-vnt1 recognition in transient expression assays. In contrast, susceptible S. okadae accession 3761 and a bulk of 20 susceptible progeny lacked sequence homology in the 5′ end compared to the functional Rpi-vnt1.1 gene. Further evaluation of S. okadae accessions with P. infestans isolates that have a broad spectrum of virulence demonstrated that, although S. okadae accessions 7129, 7625, and 7629 contain functional Rpi-vnt1.1, they also carry a novel resistance gene. We provide evidence that existing germplasm collections are important sources of novel resistances and that “omic” technologies such as dRenSeq-based genomics and effector-omics are efficacious tools to rapidly explore the diversity within these collections.
Highlights
Potato is the most important non-cereal food crop worldwide and is consumed by more than a billion people (Birch et al, 2012)
Isolates of P. infestans were established in vivo on leaves of the late blight susceptible cultivar Craig’s Royal and passaged through several generations according to Andrivon et al (2011)
Seedlings and selected whole plants of 126 diploid Commonwealth Potato Collection (CPC) accessions belonging to 34 species (Supplementary Table S1) were tested with the P. infestans isolates 2006-3928A and/or 2009-7654A belonging to the P. infestans clonal lineage 13A2
Summary
Potato is the most important non-cereal food crop worldwide and is consumed by more than a billion people (Birch et al, 2012). Global potato production between 1991 and 2007 has shown an increase of 21% that is driven by a 48% rise of potato production in the developing world, where the growing area has increased alongside yield. Pests and pathogens represent a serious and continuing “Omic” Technologies for Prioritizing Resistances threat to potato production, and the most widespread and economically significant of these is late blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. In agricultural systems major population changes of P. infestans lineages have been observed that often impact negatively on crop production. A conservative estimate of the chemical control costs and yield losses associated with late blight exceeds e6.7 Billion (Haverkort et al, 2009). Predictions suggest that global potato production could exceed 400 Mt per year if diseases that reduce yields by ∼25% could be controlled (Agrios, 1997)
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