Utilizing Landsat Satellite Data (1990-2018) to Detect Water Inundation for the Management of Human Settlements in Coastal Zones

H Haeruddin,Muhammad Helmi,Paul A Macklin,Sigit Bayhu Iryanthony

doi:10.17485/ijst/2019/v12i23/144353

H Haeruddin, Muhammad Helmi + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2019/v12i23/144353

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Abstract

Objective: This study investigates waterinundation in Semarang and Demak and Kendalregencies in Java, Indonesia, utilizingLandsat 5, 7 and 8 satellite imagery, in combination withthe Seamless Digital Elevation Model and National Bathymetry (DEMNAS) data for 50, 100 and 150 year projections. Methods: Water inundation detection using optical methods (passive sensors) such as Landsat is an effective tool, more so when combined with the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) method in Green Near Infrared (NIR) bands. Combining imagery from these remote sensing sources with DEMNAS land elevation data may strengthen future water inundation predictions and gauge land loss or degradation in regions subject to land inundation and sea level rise. Findings/Application: Semarang is currently subjected to coastal water inundation associated with losses of coastal infrastructure, resulting in the relocation of human settlements to more elevated areas. Sayung is a sub-distric, the most severely affected sub-district has previously expierienced an increase of water inundationfrom 1434.7ha (1990), 3489.1ha (2002) to4923.8ha (2002), an approximate 1.5 % of land loss annually. This average water inundation increase equivalent to 32 cm annually is based on DEMNAS data from 1990 to 2018, which may be due to coastal infrastructure which supports inundationin surrounding coastal areas such as Sayung, Demak regency. Keywords: Coastal Management, Land Inundation, Landsat, Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Water Detection

Highlights

Monitoring coastal water for the future management of coastal zones is vital for management of coastal settlements[1] and should be considered in regards to effective mitigation and policy[2]
All Landsat image data was obtained from the United State Geological Survey (USGS) and all product was obtained from dry season months as to avoid cloud interference associated with the Indonesian monsoon season
The former predictive potential may assist future planning and mitigation, more-so when combined with current regional urban planning (RTRW) in the Semarang and surrounding municipalities, which currently do not account for human settlement relocation which derive from land loss or degradation as a result of increasing water inundation events

Summary

Introduction

Monitoring coastal water for the future management of coastal zones is vital for management of coastal settlements[1] and should be considered in regards to effective mitigation and policy[2]. Utilizing Landsat Satellite Data (1990-2018) to Detect Water Inundation for the Management of Human Settlements in Coastal Zones and sea water intrusion[6, 7], with the natural potential for land loss commonly enhanced by human activities[8], the main factor being urban structures[9, 10] which has been known to promote land subsidence of approximately 19 cm annually in the Semarang region alone. Semarang is especially prone to sea water intrusion due the topographic geometry of the surrounding coastline As such, monitoring these coastal zones in densely populated island nations such as Indonesia is necessary for effective management and mitigation[11]. When combined with high resolution DEM inundation, prediction is strengthened[15], while DEMNAS provides a further increase in resolution (7 m) necessary for effective monitoring of land loss or degradation

Study Site

Methodology

Mapping Water Inundation

Discussion

Findings

Conclusion