Abstract
Renewable energy resources like wind generation are being rapidly integrated into modern power systems. Energy storage systems (ESS) are being viewed as a game-changer for renewable integration due to their ability to absorb the variability and uncertainty arising from the wind generation. While abundant literature is available on system adequacy and operational reliability evaluation, operational adequacy studies considering wind and energy storage have received very little attention, despite their elevated significance. This work presents a novel framework that integrates wind power and energy storage models to a bulk power system model to sequentially evaluate the operational adequacy in the operational mission time. The analytical models are developed using a dynamic system state probability evaluation approach by incorporating a system state probability estimation technique, wind power probability distribution, state enumeration, state transition matrix, and time series analysis in order to quantify the operational adequacy of a bulk power system integrated with wind power and ESS. The loss of load probability (LOLP) is used as the operational adequacy index to quantify the spatio-temporal variation in risk resulting from the generation and load variations, their distribution on the network structure, and the operational strategies of the integrated ESS. The proposed framework is aimed to serve as a guideline for operational planning, thereby simplifying the decision-making process for system operators while considering resources like wind and energy storage facilities. The methodology is applied to a test system to quantify the reliability and economic benefits accrued from different operational strategies of energy storage in response to wind generation and other operational objectives in different system scenarios.
Highlights
The growth of renewable resources, like wind and solar, in modern power systems is contributing significantly to limiting carbon emissions, and is still on the rise [1]
The objective function given by Equation (17) is formulated to minimize the operating costs associated with conventional generators, wind generators, and the energy storage systems (ESS) system and curtailment costs associated with load points for every time interval
Operational planning of electric power systems is routinely carried out to ensure the availability of adequate resources
Summary
The growth of renewable resources, like wind and solar, in modern power systems is contributing significantly to limiting carbon emissions, and is still on the rise [1]. The challenge of maintaining the pre-existing economy and reliability balance, exists due to the uncertainty in their generation In this regard, energy storage systems (ESS), like the compressed air energy storage, battery energy storage, and flywheel energy storage, have received increased attention as a supporting resource for renewable integrated power systems [2]. The consideration of renewables and ESS in operational planning is still evolving in power systems, and policies regarding their participation in electricity markets seem to vary among jurisdictions [13,14] In this regard, Reference [15] presents an operational reliability study of ESS application as a potential reserve using a modified Pennsylvania New Jersey Maryland (PJM) approach. North American Reliability Corporation (NERC) jurisdictions to conduct the day and current day operational planning While these studies suggest innovative approaches to wind and energy storage operation, these standards try to maintain uniformity among jurisdictions. Different operating scenarios and strategies of wind generation and ESS operation have been simulated using the proposed framework on a test system to illustrate the results
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