Abstract
A convenient and fast multi-residue method for the efficient identification and quantification of 72 pesticides belonging to different chemical classes in red and white grape wines has been developed. The analysis was based on gas chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometric determination (GC–MS/MS). The optimization strategy involved the selection of the amount of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and the number of cleanup procedure cycles for multi-plug filtration cleanup (m-PFC) to achieve ideal recoveries and reduce the sample matrix compounds in the final extracts. The optimized procedure obtained consistent recoveries between 70.2 and 108.8% (70.2 and 108.8% for white wine, and 72.3 and 108.4% for red wine), with relative standard deviations (RSDs) that were generally lower than 9.2% at the three spiking levels of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg. The linearity was studied in the range between 0.002 and 0.1 mg/kg using pesticide standards prepared both in pure solvent and in the presence of the matrix, showing coefficients of determination (R2) higher than 0.9495 for all the pesticides. To improve accuracy, matrix-matched calibration curves were used for calculating the quantification results. Finally, the method was used successfully for detecting pesticide residues in commercial grape wines.
Highlights
Grape wine is one of the most commonly consumed alcoholic beverages in the world
The experiment was performed using 1 mL of the acetonitrile extract at a spiking level of 0.1 mg/kg and it was cleaned by the multiplug filtration cleanup (m-PFC) method with different amounts of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)
The recovery of most of the analytes increased with the amount of MWCNTs and the results were within an acceptable range: 70–120% for red wine
Summary
In addition to its distinctive flavor, the moderate consumption of wine is correlated with reduced risks of both mortality and morbidity from human cardiovascular disease [1] and oxidative damage [2]. Grapes receive multiple doses of pesticides, which may partly transfer into wine [4,5,6,7,8]. The risk of residues from these pesticides being present in wines implies a health hazard. For this reason, there are maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by current legislation [14]. With regard to grapevine products, MRLs have only been set for grapes, taking the transfer in the wine into account.
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