Abstract
The cost of the drilling operation is very high. Drilling fluid presents 15 to 30% of the entire expense of the drilling process. Ordinarily, the major drilling fluids additives are viscosity modifiers, filtration control agents, and partial loss treatments. In this experimental work, full-set measurements under fresh and aged conditions, as well as high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) API filtration, were conducted to study the impacts of adding 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5% of black sunflower seeds’ shell powder (BSSSP) to spud mud. BSSSP of various grain sizes showed their ability to be invested for viscosity modifying, seepage loss controlling, and partial loss remediation. In addition to BSSSP eminent efficiency to be used as a multifunctional additive, the BSSSP is cheap, locally obtainable in commercial quantities, environmentally friendly additive and easy to grind into various desired grain sizes. Besides its outstanding strength to behave under conditions up to 30 h aged time and under 50 °C (122 °F) temperature, the utilization of powdered waste black sunflower shells in the drilling process and other industrial applications can reduce the effects of food waste on the environment and the personnel safety. To sum it up, experimental findings revealed that BSSSP can be used for multiple applications as a novel fibrous and particulate additive. The results elucidated BSSSP suitability in substituting or at least minimizing some of the traditional chemical materials utilized in the petroleum industry such as salt clay, polymers, and lost circulation materials (LCM).
Highlights
Waste materials refer to the materials that are discarded by people and are considered unwanted or no longer useable
The large resources of the black sunflower shells industry guarantee a permanent source of providing a new eco-friendly mud additive
black sunflower seeds’ shell powder (BSSSP) can be used at higher concentration (1.5–2%) for partial losses especially that the additive had no effect on the density of the drilling fluid
Summary
Waste materials refer to the materials that are discarded by people and are considered unwanted or no longer useable. Waste materials are diverse and unique as they can cover many aspects in many different areas. The waste materials accumulate and pose a threat to the environment. Household wastes are manifold and can be composed of hazardous and non-hazardous materials. Bottles, cans, oils, batteries, household cleaners, etc. The shell, which is called hull, surrounds a little seed made out of about 20% protein and 30% lipids. It consists of a significant level of iron and dietary fiber The following subsequent paragraphs will be concentrated on the black type of the sunflower seeds since it has been used as additives in this experimental investigation
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