Utilization of ZeoliticWaste in Alkali-Activated Biomass Bottom Ash Blends.

Danutė Vaičiukynienė,Agnė Mikelionienė,Dalia Nizevičienė,Algirdas Radzevičius

doi:10.3390/molecules25133053

Danutė Vaičiukynienė, Agnė Mikelionienė + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25133053

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Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effects of ammonium-bearing zeolitic waste (FCC) on alkali-activated biomass bottom ash (BBA). FCC was obtained from the oil-cracking process in petroleum plants. In this study, two types of production waste were used: biomass bottom ash and ammonium-bearing zeolitic waste. These binary alkali-activated FCC/BBA blends were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The compressive strength of the hardened samples was evaluated. The results show that the samples made from alkali-activated BBA biomass bottom ash had low (8.5 MPa) compressive strength, which could be explained with low reactive BBA and insufficient quantities of silicon and aluminum compounds. The reactivity of BBA was improved with incorporating zeolitic waste as an aluminosilicate material. This zeolitic waste was first used for ammonium sorption; then, it was incorporated in alkali-activated samples. Additional amounts of hydrated products formed, such as calcium silicate hydrate, calcium aluminum silicate hydrate and calcium sodium aluminum silicate hydrate. The silicon and aluminum compound, which varied in zeolitic waste, changed the mineral composition and microstructure of alkali-activated binder systems. NH4Cl, which was incorporated in the zeolitic waste, did not negatively affect the compressive strength of the alkali-activated BBA samples. This investigation proved that waste materials can be reused by producing alkali-activated binders.

Highlights

IntroductionStatistics studies show that the consumption of biofuels increased in the past ten years in Lithuania
Statistics studies show that the consumption of biofuels increased in the past ten years in Lithuania.Large amounts of ash were generated during biomass combustion processes, which negatively affected the environment
Only a small amount of biomass ash is reused, and the largest part of this type of ash is disposed in landfills

Summary

Introduction

Statistics studies show that the consumption of biofuels increased in the past ten years in Lithuania. Large amounts of ash were generated during biomass combustion processes, which negatively affected the environment. Only a small amount of biomass ash is reused, and the largest part of this type of ash is disposed in landfills. One of the methods to reuse biomass ash is to produce binders (based on alkali activation). Biomass ash is used as the aluminosilicate initial material. Rajamma et al [1]

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