Utilization of xylan-rich steam explosion liquid from processing of poplar for hydrogel synthesis

Abstract

A high-performance hydrogel was successfully fabricated using xylan-rich concentrated steam explosion liquid (CSEL). The method used was a free-radical graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) onto a primarily xylan backbone in CSEL, with a redox system of ammonium persulfate/anhydrous sodium sulfite as the indicator and N,N`-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as the cross-linker. The effects of independent parameters (the dosages of the indicator, AM, AA, and the cross-linker) on the swelling ratio of the as-prepared hydrogel were studied via an optimal design of the response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimal conditions (80.9 mg of initiator, 349.6 mg of AM, 988.7 mg of AA, and 9.39 mg of cross-linker), the swelling ratio of the prepared hydrogel (Xyl-AM-co-AA) was 276.6 g/g, which was close to the predicted value (255.7 g). The swelling behaviors of Xyl-AM-co-AA at different temperatures and pH values were also analyzed. The results showed that the swelling ratios varied at different temperatures and pH values, implying their potential use as smart materials. Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the cross-linked and hygroscopic behavior of Xyl-AM-co-AA.