Utilization of tuberculosis healthcare packages under Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana-Arogya Karnataka: A comprehensive socio-demographic analysis

Abstract

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a major global health concern, causing millions of cases and deaths worldwide. India, particularly Karnataka, grapples with a significant TB burden, imposing a substantial economic strain on affected individuals and their families. Hospitalization for TB treatment is crucial but often results in financial distress, hindering inpatient care access due to exorbitant costs, leading to catastrophic medical expenses for many households. ObjectivesThis study evaluates the utilization of TB-specific healthcare packages within the AB-PMJAY-ArK in Karnataka State. The primary objective is to assess utilization patterns based on socio-demographic factors, geographical distribution, healthcare facility types, and the cost savings for TB patients and their families. MethodsUtilizing observational data from the AB-PMJAY-ArK preauthorization and claims database through Suvarna Arogya Suraksha Trust (SAST) portal, this study covers a 24-month period from July 2021 to June 2023. TB-specific treatment packages were identified, and descriptive statistics were employed for analysis. ResultsOf the 39,89,802 approved preauthorizations, 9173 patients with confirmed TB were analysed. Majority were male (68.3 %) and belonged to the below poverty line category (96.2 %). The public sector accounted for 97.9 % of TB treatment, with 96.4 % of approved preauthorization amounts. On average, the scheme averted catastrophic costs of approximately Rs. 10,000 per TB patient. Various healthcare facilities were utilized, with medical colleges being the most frequented. ConclusionAddressing the financial burden of TB hospitalization is crucial for ensuring equitable healthcare access. While AB-PMJAY-ArK has made significant strides in alleviating financial distress, policymakers and healthcare providers can amplify its impact through targeted interventions, healthcare system strengthening, and fostering public-private collaborations. Further research is needed to assess the long-term effects of these measures on patient outcomes and healthcare systems. This study provides valuable insights into strategies for mitigating financial distress resulting from TB hospitalization, with the potential to support the sustainable management of this global health challenge and enhance healthcare system resilience.