Utilization of the thermohydric stress in the psamosols area in Southern Oltenia through the cowpea culture

Reta Draghici,Aurelia Diaconu,Mircea Constantinescu,Mihaela Croitoru,Alina Nicoleta Paraschiv,Iulian Draghici,Milica Dima,G.P Negreanu,N.V Vlăduţ

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/201911203013

Abstract

The area of psamosols in southern Oltenia is characterized by thermohydraulic stress, accentuated by the thermal resources recorded and by the poor hydrophysical properties of the soil. Higher capitalization of these lands has been an important concern both in the world and in our country, and the choice of plant species with increased drought resistance and low water consumption is a measure to counteract the negative effects of the drought. The humidity analysis of a psamosol, on the 0-125 cm profile, indicates a momentary supply of reduced water and a water deficit compared to the field capacity of -34.4 ... -65.5 m3 / ha. In order to obtain economic results on these soils, it is necessary to cultivate low-water plants, such as a cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) that consumes about 4160 m3 / ha, compared to soybeans that have almost double consumption. The results obtained in 4 genotypes of cowpea highlight the daily average values of the plant's foliar sweating, in the blooming phase, ranging between 4.05 -5.23 mmol H2O / m2 / s, which correlated negatively with the level of grain production.

Highlights

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), is a drought-resistant plant, with little pretentions to soil conditions and an important source of protein for climatic-deprived areas [7, 10]
The first moisture deficiency compared to the field capacity was recorded during the preparation of the germinal bed (25 April) at the level of-203-49 m3 water/ha, when the water supply of water in the soil (-20.2 m3 water/ha) was lower than the minimum ceiling of water in the soil, on 0-25 cm soil profile in which the seeds of cowpea germinate and the young plant develops
During the preparation of the germinating bed for cowpea sowing (25 April), the first humidity deficit was recorded in relation to the field capacity at the level of -203-49 m3 water/ha, registering on the soil profile 0-25 cm a reserve of water in the soil 20.2 m3 water/ha, reserve less than the minimum moisture level in the soil

Summary

Introduction

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), is a drought-resistant plant, with little pretentions to soil conditions and an important source of protein for climatic-deprived areas [7, 10]. In some tropical areas of developing countries, such as the areas of Sahelian Africa and the northeast region of Brazil, legumes are cultivated only during the rainy season, and drought stress is the most important threat for the production of biomass for many small farmers [15, 16]. For people in these regions, cowpea is an important source of protein. From the chemical fertiliser applied, the plant uses only 0,53-2.71%, with a very low coefficient of use of the fertiliser (3.98-4.56%), due to its leaching in the soil

Methodology

Rezults and discusions

25 July dept

Findings

Conclusions