Utilization of the grazing resources by buffaloes in the Arusha National Park, Tanzania

Abstract

SummaryThe purpose of the survey was to develop a meaningful method for assessing the utilization of the existing edaphic and serai grasslands in the park. Particular attention was given to the effect of grazing on the growth of different species of grasses, the course of plant succession and the fire hazard, in relation to the productivity and diversity of the environment. The distribution and composition of the different types of grassland are described and their suitability as pasture at different seasons is discussed.Utilization was assessed by recording the extent of short grass that is maintained by grazing in relation to the unused mature grass at different seasons of the year. Near optimum utilization of the edaphic (high water‐table) grasslands in the bottom lands takes place over a prolonged period. Utilization of the derived grasslands on the hills and uplands is increasing as the buffalo herds benefit by protection in the park. It is estimated that the available pastures can still accommodate an increased population of buffaloes and other grazing animals. Furthermore, advantages to the environment will accrue as a result of the reduced fire hazard.Buffaloes are the dominant grazing animals throughout and so mainly their impact on the vegetation is considered. The distribution and density of the buffalo population is recorded, and it is concluded that the existing number is well within the carrying capacity of the park. It is suggested that under‐grazing could be serious because of the increased fire risk that would result. In order to improve the grazing in the secondary grasslands preliminary trials for managing fire by patch burning have been successfully initiated.