Abstract
Compressed fluids were used in a two-step scheme to extract oil from rapeseed and sunflower spent bleaching earths. The first extraction, performed with CO2 at 45 °C, 23 MPa, yielded matrices depleted in neutral lipids (contents of 1% and 3.5% compared to initial 22% and 28%) and of better flowing characteristics thanks to the downsizing of particle (83% of particles had sizes below 50 μm). The second step was assisted by ethanol used either as a compressed liquid, as a co-solvent or as a CO2-expanded mixture by changing temperature (35°, 60 °C) pressure (6, 18 MPa) and ethanol percentage (10–100 wt%). A statistical analysis concluded that extraction yield and oligomers percentage were dependent on pressure, ethanol percentage and their interaction, whilst temperature was a significant factor only for yield. The pigments content of oils produced by CO2 and extracts produced by pressurized ethanol was below 5 μg/goil and 32 mg/gextract.
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