Abstract
Activated biochar was prepared from water lily through combination of physical and chemical technique. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis (CHN/O), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller model (BET). Batch technique was used for adsorption of 99.25% of MG dye onto prepared adsorbent with 102.35 mg/g maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (Qmax) at optimum conditions of initial dye concentration (100 mg/L), adsorbent dose (0.1 g/100 mL), contact time (30 min), temperature (301 K), and stirring speed (200 rpm). Kinetic and equilibrium models were best fit with pseudo-first order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters showed∆Ho, ∆So, and ∆Go to be 1.154 kJ/mol, 3.139 kJ/mol K, and −943.685 kJ/mol, respectively. Positive value of ∆Ho and large value of ∆So indicated that adsorption process was endothermic and that there was high collision rate at adsorbent–dye interface. The negative value of ∆Goconfirmed that adsorption process was spontaneous and feasible. Comparison of water lily stem-derived activated biochar (WLSAB) Qmax with those reported for other plant-derived activated carbons affirmed WLSAB as a better potential alternative adsorbent for treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.
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