Abstract
In apple orchards in Nova Scotia, general use of a program of selective sprays for several years has been followed by a reduction in the amount of damage caused by important insect and mite pests. These pests include the oystershell scale ( Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.)), the codling moth ( Carpocapsa povionella (L.)), the eye-spotted bud moth ( Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.)), the apple aphid ( Aphis pomi DeG.), the rosy apple aphid (Anuraphis roseus Baker), and the European red mite ( Panonychus ulmi (Koch)). Although proof has not been obtained in all cases, the evidence indicates that, when selective pesticides were applied, beneficial species survived in greater numbers, and in some cases increased substantially. In developing such a program emphasis should be placed on use of selective pesticides, timing of pesticide applications to avoid susceptible stages of beneficial species, and establishment of the minimum dosages required to control pests.
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