Abstract
Biotechnology has rapidly developed until now. The use of biotechnology was very extensive for human needs, including the food industry. Some biotechnological processes, both conventional modern, were inseparable from the use of microorganisms. A number of certain microorganisms were used in traditional food through fermentation such as yogurt, tape, cheese and salted vegetables. In addition, microorganisms also used in the DNA recombination process to produce high quality food products such as GMO (Genetically Modified Organism). Indonesia is a country with a majority of the Muslim population so that in the provision of food was very concerned about aspects of halal. Included in biotechnology foods that utilizing microorganism and have to pay attention of the halal critical point. In this case, needs to be considered so that every production process can be ensured to avoid contamination of non-halal materials
Highlights
Perkembangan bioteknologi mengalami kemajuan pesat dengan diadakannya berbagai penelitian oleh para ilmuan (Sunarlim dan Sutrisno 2003)
The use of biotechnology was very extensive for human needs, including the food industry
A number of certain microorganisms were used in traditional food through fermentation such as yogurt, tape, cheese and salted vegetables
Summary
Pada masa lalu bioteknologi banyak dilakukan dengan proses yang sangat sederhana. Perkembangan yang pesat dalam bidang bioteknologi baru dimulai ketika Louis Pasteur berhasil menemukan bahwa mikroorganisme dapat melakukan fermentasi. Konsep fermentasi ini kemudian banyak dimanfaatkan masyarakat untuk memproduksi berbagai macam makanan baru secara konvensional dengan memanfaatkan mikroorganisme. Sedangkan perkembangan bioteknologi modern baru dimulai ketika terdapat penemuan struktur DNA sekitar tahun 1950. Kemudian diikuti pula oleh penemuan-penemuan lainnya dibidang genetika molekuler seperti enzim pemotong DNA, penemuan ekspresi gen, dan DNA rekombinan. Bioteknologi modern lebih menitikberatkan pada proses manipulasi dan rekayasa genetika dengan didukung oleh peralatan yang modern sehingga dapat menghasilkan produk dalam skala industri yang lebih efektif dan efisien
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