Abstract
Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M4, M5, and M7 are subtypes of leukemia derived from myeloid cell derivatives that influences the results of the identification of AMLs, which includes myeloblast, monoblast, and megakaryoblast. Furthermore, they are divided into more specific types, including myeloblasts, promyelocytes, monoblasts, promonocytes, monocytes, and megakaryoblasts, which must be clearly identified in order to further calculate the ratio value in the blood. Therefore, this research aims to classify these cell types using the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm. Three distance metrics are tested, namely, Euclidean, Chebychev, and Minkowski, and both the weighted and unweighted were tested. The features used as parameters are area, nucleus ratio, circularity, perimeter, mean, and standard deviation, and about 1,450 objects are used as training and testing data. In addition, to ensure that the classification is not overfitting, K-fold cross validation was conducted. The results show that the unweighted Minkowski distance acquired about 240 of 290 objects at K = 19, which is the best. Therefore, the unweighted Minkowski distance is selected for further analysis. The accuracy, recall, and precision values of KNN with unweighted Minkowski distance obtained from fivefold cross validation are 80.552, 44.145, and 42.592%, respectively.
Highlights
Blood cancer or leukemia is a type of cancer discovered in the blood and bone marrow, which is caused by the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells, and it is one of the deadliest diseases in the world
Its symptoms, which are sometimes difficult to detect, make it quite dangerous. It is caused by an excessive number of immature white blood cells in the human body, and the large number of immature blood cells inhibit the functioning of organs, which can lead to other diseases [1]
It can lead to death in a matter of weeks or even days unless immediately and properly treated, while blast cells in chronic leukemia multiply slower than acute leukemia [2]
Summary
Blood cancer or leukemia is a type of cancer discovered in the blood and bone marrow, which is caused by the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells, and it is one of the deadliest diseases in the world. Leukemia is of two types, depending on the rate of growth of immature cells in the blood, acute and chronic leukemia Both produce excess white blood cells that cannot properly function as antibodies. Some subtypes of AML such as M4, M5, and M7 are affected by the same type of precursor cells, and their precursor cells are myeloblast, monoblast, and megakaryoblast. Undifferentiated acute myeloblastic leukemia Acute myeloblastic leukemia with minimal maturation Acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation Acute promyelocytic leukemia Acute myelomonocytic leukemia Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia Acute erythroid leukemia Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia every cell can be counted [4] These types of cells can be grouped into more specific types, which are used as the main factor ratio for AML M4, M5, and M7.
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