Abstract
About 8% of the imported iron oxide pellets burdens to Egypt are wasted. In this paper, broken pellets waste (BPW) is used as raw material for the preparation of hard magnetic glass ceramics (HMGC) as well as soft magnetic glass ceramics (SMGC). About 54 wt% and 37 wt% of BPW are used to prepare SMGC and HMGC, respectively. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) reveals two broad exothermic peaks for HMGC at 591 °C and 697 °C, whereas one exothermic peak at 820 °C is detected for SMGC. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows the crystallization of hematite as the sol phase in BPW, and meanwhile, Zn-ferrite and Ba-hexaferrite are identified in SMGC and HMGC, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals the crystallization of nanosize particles of ∼20 nm for SMGC and ∼12 nm for HMGC. Vibrating scanning magnetometer (VSM) reveals an increase in saturation magnetization from ∼1 emu/g for BPW to ∼77 emu/g for SMGC and 21 emu/g for HMGC.
Highlights
Linked; the need for waste recycling is a fact of the healthy life today
2.1 Preparationoftheglass X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of the BPW samplesisillustratedin Table1.Inthis work,the samples are prepared withtwo compositions: one basedoncrystallizationofZnFe2O4 assoftmagnet,the other based on BaFe12O19 as hard magnet
The results obtained were used as a guide for determining the required heat-treatment temperatures needed to induce crystallization in the
Summary
M.ABDEL-HAMEEDa,*,Ibrahim M.HAMEDb,NehalA.ERFANb aGlass Research Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt bChemicalEngineeringDepartment,FacultyofEngineering, MiniaUniversity, Minia,Egypt. Abstract:About8%oftheimportedironoxidepelletsburdenstoEgyptare wasted.Inthispaper, brokenpellets waste(BPW)isusedasraw materialforthepreparationofhard magneticglass ceramics(HMGC)aswellassoft magneticglassceramics(SMGC).About54wt%and37wt%of BPWareusedtoprepareSMGCand HMGC,respectively. Differentialthermalanalysis(DTA) revealstwobroadexothermicpeaksforHMGCat591°C and697°C,whereasoneexothermicpeak at820°C isdetectedforSMGC.X-raydiffraction(XRD)showsthecrystallizationofhematiteasthe solphaseinBPW,andmeanwhile,Zn–ferriteandBa–hexaferriteareidentifiedinSMGCandHMGC, respectively.Transmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM)revealsthecrystallizationofnanosizeparticles of~20nmforSMGCand~12nmfor HMGC.
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