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Abstract
Globally, it has been reported that 38% of people live in areas with iodine deficiency and are at risk of its complications. The main health concern of iodine deficiency during pregnancy is its negative effect on the brain and nervous system of unborn infants. Despite the national availability of iodized salt was 89%, adequate utilization of iodized salt is only 41.9%. Hence, this study was to assess utilization of iodized salt and factors associated among pregnant mothers in Kimbibit District. Community based cross-sectional study design was conducted. Simple random sampling technique was used to select a total sample of 555 pregnant mothers. Single population proportion formula and Stat. calc software were used to calculate the required sample size. Data were collected using interview administered pretested questionnaire and iodized salt test kit. Collected data were entered using Epi info 7 and then exported to SPSS 20 for further analyses. Descriptive statistics were used to describe important variables and binary logistic regression was used to identify candidate independent variables. P< 0.05 was used for testing significance and AOR with 95%CI was used to identify the strength of association between dependent and independent variables. From the total respondents, 48.1% (95%CI: 44.1%, 52.1%) of them adequately use iodized salt. Mother with formal education (AOR, 2.46; 95%CI: 1.70, 3.56), urban residents (AOR, 1.80; 95%CI: 1.14, 2.93), purchasing from open markets (AOR, 0.35; 95%CI: 0.23, 0.50), storing at sun light (AOR, 0.24; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.45) and storing more than two months (AOR, 0.64; 95%CI: 0.42, 0.98) were independent factors significantly affect adequate utilization of iodized salt. Utilization of iodized salt was low compared to the standard. Mother’s education, residence, place of purchase, place of storage and duration of storage were independent factors which significantly affect adequate utilization.
Highlights
Iodine plays a vital role in the synthesis of thyroid hormone which is responsible for the regulation of basal metabolic rate, growth, development and functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) which effects on different organs and organ systems
Iodized Salt Utilization This study shows that 48.1% (95%Confidence interval (CI): 44.1%, 52.1%) of mothers add salt to their cooking at the end of cooking (35.0%) or right after cooking (13.1%) which are adequate utilization of iodized salt [Figure 2]
This study shows that 48.1% of pregnant mothers adequately use iodized salt which is far lower than the World Health Organization (WHO)’s recommendation (>90%) to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) [41]
Summary
Iodine plays a vital role in the synthesis of thyroid hormone which is responsible for the regulation of basal metabolic rate, growth, development and functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) which effects on different organs and organ systems. It is essential in the development of the CNS during embryonic and fetal life [1, 2]. Due to increased metabolic demand, pregnant mother’s (PM’s) requirements are increased by more than half for adequate iodized salt (IS) [4,5,6] This suggests that iodine is an essential micronutrient during pregnancy. Pregnancy is associated with parallel increase in thyroid hormone requirements due to physiological modifications emanating from the transfer of iodine and the thyroid hormone to the fetus for proper neurodevelopment in children [7, 8]
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