Abstract
The research on industrial byproducts, such as slags and fly ash, was intense during the last decades in the building sector. Apart from the environmental benefits coming from their exploitation, their application may lead to the production of cost effective and durable building materials, such as mortars and concrete. The impact of industrial byproducts on the resistance of materials to fire and elevated temperatures was assessed by many scientists, however, it is still an open field of research. In this study, locally available byproducts were investigated, including High Calcium Fly Ash (HCFA), coming from lignite-fired power plants, as well as Ladle Furnace Steel (LFS) slag and Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag aggregates, originating from the steel making industry. Six mortar compositions were manufactured with substitution of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with HCFA and LFS slag (20% w/w) and of natural aggregates with EAF slag (50% w/w). At the age of 7, 28, and 90 days, the physico-mechanical properties of the specimens were recorded, while they were further exposed at elevated temperatures, concerning 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C. After each exposure, their physico-mechanical and microstructure characteristics were identified. From the evaluation of the results, it was asserted that HCFA and EAF slag aggregates enhanced the overall performance of mortars, especially up to 600 °C. LFS was beneficial only in combination with EAF slag aggregates.
Highlights
Concrete production worldwide requires increasing amounts of raw materials, while industrial byproducts can be used to meet this demand [1,2,3,4], either as supplementary cementitious materials, or as alternative aggregates, as already proven by several researchers [5,6,7,8]
From the evaluation of the results, it was asserted that High Calcium Fly Ash (HCFA) and Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag aggregates enhanced the overall performance of mortars, especially up to 600 ◦ C
The industrial byproducts were of local origin; HCFA originated from the lignite-fired power plants, while slags (LFS, EAF) from the steel making industry
Summary
Concrete production worldwide requires increasing amounts of raw materials, while industrial byproducts can be used to meet this demand [1,2,3,4], either as supplementary cementitious materials, or as alternative aggregates, as already proven by several researchers [5,6,7,8]. Composite materials undergo significant alterations at elevated temperatures, depending on their aggregates’ type, mix design, moisture content, as well as state of preservation [14,15,16,17]. Their postfire degradation is affected by the fire scenario exposed to, concerning heating rate, maximum temperature and exposure time [18,19]
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