Abstract
The efficiency of in vitro anther culture was screened in a full diallel population of four spelt wheat genotypes and ten F1 hybrids. Genotype dependency was observed based on the data of embryo-like structures (ELS), green-, albino plantlets. In the diallel population and ten F1 hybrids, the green plantlets production ranged from 13.75 to 85.00 and from 6.30 to 51.00, respectively. The anther culture-derived plants of F1 hybrids were grown up in the nursery. At the harvest, 436 spontaneous doubled haploid (DH) plants were identified among the 1535 anther culture-derived transplanted and grown up individual plants. The mean of spontaneous rediploidization was 28.4% which ranged from 9.76% to 54.24%. In two consecutive years, the agronomic values of ‘Tonkoly.pop1’ advanced line were compared with seven DH lines of ‘Tonkoly.pop1’ in the nursery. The DH lines achieved competitive values in comparison with ‘Tonkoly.pop1’ advanced line based on the 11 measured parameters (heading date, plant height, yield, hardness, width and length of seed, TKW, hulling yield, flour yield, protein and wet gluten content). These observations presage the efficient utilization of anther culture in spelt wheat breeding.
Highlights
In the last two decades, due to some special advantageous agronomic traits, i.e., wide adaptability, tillering ability, abiotic stress tolerance, and high biomass, the growing area of spelt wheat increased year by year [1,2,3,4]
The in vitro androgenesis was induced in the anther culture of each of the tested genotypes, the genotype influenced the efficiency of the method
The spelt wheat breeding program was initialized with a full diallel crossing of four genotypes and ten F1 hybrids
Summary
In the last two decades, due to some special advantageous agronomic traits, i.e., wide adaptability, tillering ability, abiotic stress tolerance, and high biomass, the growing area of spelt wheat increased year by year [1,2,3,4]. In the organic farming system, spelt wheat is an attractive species because of the above-mentioned traits. Spelt is a competitive plant species against weeds due to their high tillering ability. The interest in spelt wheat is increasing in human consumption because of the numerous benefits such as high content of protein, minerals (Zn, Cu, Fe), and other bioactive compounds such as dietary fibres, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, and vitamins [3,5,6,7,8,9,10]. Spelt wheat is grown in the marginal regions of wheat growing area. There are many challenges (improvement of lodging resistance, fragile spike, earliness, and yield improvement)
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