Utilization of Gomophia egyptiaca (Red Starfish) in the Biological Control of Aedes aegypti Larvae

Abstract

Background: Aedes aegypti mosquito spreads many vital diseases to humans. Traditionally, chemical insecticides were used for control. Recently, interest has grown in using aquatic predators, such as the Red Starfish (Gomophia egyptiaca), to target mosquito larvae in water, offering a potential biological control method. Methods: This study investigates the larvicidal potential of G. egyptiaca against Ae. aegypti larvae, a key vector for dengue and other mosquito-borne diseases after 24 hours. Result: The results demonstrate a significant increase in mortality rates with prolonged exposure to G. egyptiaca. After 2 hours, the mortality rate was 6.66%, increasing to 20% at 4 hours, 60% at 12 hours and peaking at 80% after 24 hours. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA revealed a highly significant p-value of 3.93, confirming the effectiveness of G. egyptiaca over time. LT50 was determined to be 14.91 hours, with a confidence interval of 12.40 to 18.65 hours. These findings indicate that G. egyptiaca could serve as a powerful alternative to chemical insecticides, offering a sustainable approach to mosquito control. However, field trials and evaluations of non-target impacts are necessary to fully assess its potential in diverse ecological settings. This study supports the integration of G. egyptiaca into mosquito management strategies, particularly where chemical resistance and environmental concerns are prevalent.