Utilization of Ginger and Its Waste

Abstract

Ginger has become the focus of research because of its oleoresin and essential oil content. First, the drying process can maintain the quality of post-harvest products and increase the shelf life of dry products. Applying heat by air, microwave, vacuum, and freeze-drying can remove up to 5% (w.b.) of the moisture content of the material. High temperatures provide a greater driving force and result in the best possible product damage. The involvement of an adsorption dryer can be an opportunity to carry out drying at low temperatures by involving a dehumidified air agent. Apart from drying, the extraction process is an essential component of the ginger isolation technique. In addition to temperature, the physical properties involved in this process are density and pressure (having relatively great difficulty in achieving the desired properties). Significant components with GC-MS and GLC tests gave different peak area results from the drying and extraction processes. However, β-phellandrene and camphene represent the presence of ginger essential oil in both methods. Then, the pulp and skin can also be reprocessed through extraction to produce ginger oil and ginger pulp. The sustainability of ginger residue through pyrolysis can produce ginger charcoal products. Meanwhile, the ginger pulp contains sugar, acid, and micro-fibrillation of cellulose (MFC) through hydrolysis. The results of research related to ginger provide opportunities for SMEs to produce post-harvest products in red ginger powder. The extraction process with polar solvents and the role of appropriate technology have encouraged independent economic activities. In addition, dregs from raw materials and by-products can be exploited for opportunities to reduce the waste generated.