Abstract
In this study, further research on an enzymatic hydrolysate-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (EHADP) adhesive was carried out. Appropriate hot pressing conditions were clarified by measuring the bond strength of three-ply plywood bonded with EHADP adhesive, and the results indicated that the appropriate fabricate conditions were 170 °C and 5 min. The value of wet shear strength fulfilled the requirements of China National Standard GB/T 9846–2015 when plywood was fabricated by the appropriate conditions. In the research of curing behavior, the insoluble mass proportion promoted significantly as heating temperature and time were ≥ 170 °C and 5 min. Furthermore, a pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis indicated that adding ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) catalyzed the conversion of monosaccharides in the EHADP adhesive. The adhesion mechanism of the EHADP adhesive was studied by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis, and the chemical changes indicated that the adhesion mechanism was attributed to both mechanical and chemical bonding between the wood elements and the cured EHADP adhesive.
Highlights
The development of renewable bio-based materials is a significant topic of concern with continuous deterioration in the global environment [1,2,3,4,5,6]
The plywood exhibited zero bond strength at a fabricated temperature of 130 °C and weak water resistance at 150 °C. This result seems to inconformity to our previous research, in which the results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that the curing reaction of the EHAPD adhesive occurs at approximately 135 °C [28]
There is a possible reason for this phenomenon, which is due to the moisture movement from the veneer and enzymatic hydrolysate-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (EHADP) adhesive during the hot pressing process, and this movement affected the actual temperature in the core layer of the board [31]
Summary
The development of renewable bio-based materials is a significant topic of concern with continuous deterioration in the global environment [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Most of these advanced materials and technology are remain in the laboratory, and their applications require further research. Saccharides have been utilized for preparing eco-friendly wood adhesive, which exhibits excellent mechanical bonding properties and water resistance. It is necessary to identify cheaper and more efficient saccharide resources as raw materials
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