Abstract
The utilization of electric vehicles (EV) and their used batteries in supporting small-scale energy management systems were studied. Both theoretical study and practical demonstration were performed to measure the feasibility of the developed system. Each five EVs and used EV batteries were used along with 20 kW photovoltaic (PV) panels as a renewable energy source. The main objective of the developed system is performing a peak-load shifting by utilizing EVs, used EV batteries and PV panels. The planning of load leveling was performed 24 h ahead for each 30 min period. The studies showed that the application of EVs and used EV batteries in supporting certain small-scale energy management systems is feasible. In addition, some findings during the demonstration test were listed and analyzed for the purpose of further system development and deployment.
Highlights
It has been well known that the deployment of electric vehicles (EV) can reduce greenhouse gases emission and fossil fuel consumption
Community Energy Management In Japan, to achieve a resilient and smart community especially related to efficient energy usage and reduction of CO2 emission, the concept of community energy management system (CEMS) has been introduced and discussed
The current study focuses on this type of utilization scheme
Summary
It has been well known that the deployment of electric vehicles (EV) can reduce greenhouse gases emission and fossil fuel consumption. Large-scale deployment of EV will influence significantly the power system, especially when the uncontrolled charging and discharging are at a high rate To overcome this kind of problem and increase the economic benefit of EV, the concept of vehicle to grid (V2G) has been developed [4]. EV battery is generally replaced once its storage drops to about 70%–80% of its initial capacity because the possible driving range becomes shorter [16] These used EV batteries are not suitable anymore for EVs, they can be utilized as stationary energy storage. This study focuses on the utilization of EVs and used EV batteries to support the electricity in certain small-scale EMS covering both theoretical and practical studies. As many papers have reported on theoretical analysis, this paper will focus mainly on the report of our demonstration tests and their analyses
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