Abstract
Fiber of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) pruning residues are a potential source for the production Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF). Dry process was employed to produce MDF in pilot plant scale using three categories of manufacturing parameters, i.e., two resin types, two resin content levels and three pressing times. Due to the availability of the materials in the pilot plant, Date palm and also soft wood fibers (Pinus silvestries L.) as reference were used for the MDF production under the same parameters. Three boards were manufactured with combination of variables, and samples of all boards were tested according to the methods of European (EU) standard. As main technological properties modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond strength (IB), and formaldehyde emission were determined. Also, samples of each board were tested for thickness swelling and water absorption after soaking in water for 2 h and 24 h respectively. In addition all the mechanical and physical properties of boards were derived from analysis procedures. The results of this study showed that boards made of Date Palm pruning residues fibers featured better properties than the MDF property requirements which was recommended by ASTM and EN standards particularly inspect of mechanical properties. In addition, the formaldehyde (HCHO) emission of the panels featured that almost all the boards met the minimum requirement according to EN 120 especially for the panel bonded with MUF resin. Therefore, Date palm could be proposed as an alternative material for the manufacture of MDF.
Highlights
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) can be made from a wide variety of lignocellulosic materials and an important implication of this is the use of recycled materials and non-wood fibers in its manufacture
Date palm could be proposed as an alternative material for the manufacture of MDF
It is known that a wide range of resin technologies, including many hardeners have been developed, to offer the best possible solution for the different process conditions employed by a variety of customers so, in this study Ammonium chloride were used as hardener
Summary
MDF can be made from a wide variety of lignocellulosic materials and an important implication of this is the use of recycled materials and non-wood fibers in its manufacture. The decline in raw materials deleteriously affects the MDF sector, as well as others. Since agricultural and horticultural residues are plentiful, widespread, and accessible (Hosseinkhani et al, 2008) researchers are studying their use as raw material substitutes. Several studies have examined the feasibility of substituting wood in composites (Hosseinkhani, 2013), Bagasse and logging residues of Eucaliptus (Hosseinkhani et al, 2000), sunflower stalks (Kargarfard et al, 2009), and kiwi pruning (Kargarfard et al, 2009), were studies to produce composite panels
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