Utilization of Corticocancellous Bone Graft, Demineralized Bone Matrix and Synthetic Ceramic Bioglass for Defective Bone Fractures in Rats

Abstract

Introduction: Trauma, bone infections, and bone defects that emerge during the attempts as musculoskeletal tumor surgery can be treated with bone grafts. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of bone fracture healing that was treated using different kinds of grafts. Materials and Methods: 40 male Wistar-Albino rats were used as 4 different groups with 10 rats each. The groups included the sham, the corticocancellous analog bone graft, the demineralized bone matrix, and the synthetic ceramic bioglass. All rat groups were evaluated biomechanically and histopathologically. Results: The average scores of the histological evaluations were as follows: 5.5±1.64 in the sham, 5.62±2.38 in the group-1, 6.9±1.19 in the group-2, and 7.4±1.17 in the group-3. There was a significant difference among all groups in terms of the histopathological findings (p=0,041). The p-values for the group pairs were as follows: the sham and group-2, p=0.857; the sham and group-3, p=0.049; the sham and group-4, p=0.011; groups 2 and 3, p=0.22; groups 2 and 4, p=0.087; groups 3 and 4, p=0.37. Conclusion: Histopathologic findings showed the presence of a supporting effect of allograft on the healing of defective bone fractures. However, biomechanical positive effects of allografts were seen by the demineralized bone matrix and bioactive glass-ceramic.