Utilization of Antibiotics and Identification of Antibiotic Resistance in Different Microbes

Abstract

The inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to the development of resistant bacteria and has a significant influence on the treatment failure. The increasing rapid development and spread of ABR (Antibiotic Resistance) has become a big issue through worldwide during the past few decades. The main objective is to identify most prescribing antibiotics in clinical practice. To evaluate the prescribing pattern of antibiotics for different microbial infection. It is a prospective observational study of antibiotic prescribing patterns conducted over 6 months in outpatient and inpatient departments of Narayana General Hospital, Nellore. Collected data was analysed based on demographics like age, gender, monotherapy, dual therapy, triple therapy and quadrupole therapy. In 614 antibiotic prescribed patients, utilization of antibiotic is more in 45+years. The mono, dual, triple & quadruple therapy of antibiotics was observed as 79.8%, 17.2%, 2.6% & 0.3% respectively. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics are Cefuroxime and Metronidazole (5%), Ceftriaxone and Doxycycline (6%), Ciprofloxacin (7%), Cefixime (11%), Ceftriaxone (13%), Cefpodoxime (14%), Amoxicillin (24%). Utilization of antibiotics is more in general medicine, followed by surgery departments. Most of the infections are due to Escherichia coli (54%) and Klebsiella species (34%) and were mostly isolated from urine and blood specimens. Antibiotics which are highly prescribing in clinics were Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and Cefuroxime. Most of the isolated bacterial species in the community had developed resistance to above antibiotics. Re-evaluation and advancement in antibiotic therapy is strongly recommended to overcome antibiotic resistance.