Abstract
Abstract Algae are considered as a promising source for biofuel and bio-products. Algae contain carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and their photosynthetic and lipid accumulating potential makes them a suitable candidate for bioenergy. Algal biomass is used in the production of biofuels like biodiesel, bioethanol, biobutanol, and biohydrogen etc. Therefore, this review provides an overview on the usage of algal biomass in multiple applications like fuel, food and environment. Initially, evolution of first and second generation biofuel feedstocks and their limitations have been described. Later, advantages of third generation biofuel feedstock i.e., algae over first and second generation feedstock were discussed comprehensively. Apart from bioenergy production from algae, industrially important co-products or value added products extracted from microalgae were addressed. Various microalgae utilized for the extraction of omega-3 fatty acids were listed. Eventually, environmental application of microalgae namely wastewater treatment and CO2 sequestration were presented.
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