Abstract
Heavy metal contaminations via industrial wastewaters endure as startle pollutants due to their nondestructive nature, toxicity, bioamplification and bioaccumulation. Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions using animal waste is presented in this study. Acid treatment of the collected animal waste is done, further subjected to FTIR, SEM / EDAX analysis to study the morphology and presence of surface functional groups. Prefatory batch studies are performed to experiment the effects of sorbent particle size / dosage, contact time, initial metal ion concentrations and pH of the medium. The studies reveal excellent chelating ability of the treated material with 99.9% Pb(II) removal at a pH 5, the calculated adsorption capacity being 62.32 mg/g. Desorption/ Regeneration studies are carried out to assess the quantitative aspect of the metal laden material. Isothermal verification, thermodynamic parameters and kinetics of adsorption were applied. A comparison of isothermal models viz., Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and DKR reveal the fit in of linearity to be best suited for Langmuir plot. Thermodynamic studies imply the process to be favorable, exothermic and spontaneous in nature. The sorption kinetics exhibits the system to be simulated well by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. A scientific basis for monitoring the Pb(II) removal is done with statistical data verification using descriptive and ANOVA tools. The results promote the employment of chosen animal waste material as an excellent biosorbent, in trapping toxic metal ions.
Highlights
Release of large quantities of pollutants into the natural environment has resulted in a number of environmental problems
High Ca/P ratio proves that Treated Goat Teeth (TGT) is a non- stoichiometric Hydroxyapatite 10
The sorption data fitted were into Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin- Kaganer- Radushkevich isotherms amongst which Langmuir Adsorption model was found to possess the highest regression value compared to other isotherms
Summary
Release of large quantities of pollutants into the natural environment has resulted in a number of environmental problems. Lead is the most recycled non-ferrous metal, utilized in the manufacturing, construction and chemical. Utilization of commercial expensive adsorbents is getting replaced by low cost materials, owing to its availability in large quantities. Tooth enamel is the hardest and most highly mineralized substance in the body. Goat teeth routed in jaw are a solid waste dumped in butcher’s shop, later being discarded as a no cost waste. The waste goat teeth, is employed in the current study for the removal of Pb(II) ions. The adsorption of Pb(II) on goat teeth can be attributed to many factors such as low solubility, complex physical form, relatively high content of reactive groups that can serve as exchange sites. Seldom studies have been reported elsewhere in the literature, on the optimization of biosorption process using goat teeth for trapping heavy metal ions
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