Abstract
The development and characterization of microstructures resulting from phase transformations in martensitic steels and spinodal systems are outlined and discussed in relation to improvements in ambient temperature strength and toughness. Spinodals and martensites can both have dislocated, fine-grained microstructures when formed under appropriate conditions. In martensitic steels, the importance of retained-austenite morphology and stability on toughness at high strengths is emphasized. A method is described for improving the strength of low-carbon steels by developing duplex fine-grained structures of ferrite and martensite. It is suggested that coarsened spinodal alloys have good work-hardening strengthening potential if the discontinuous growth problem at grain boundaries can be overcome. Some ideas for the utilization of multiple phase transformations are also presented.
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