Utility of Impedance Cardiography for the Detection of Hemodynamic Changes in Stable Patients With Sickle Cell Disease

Abstract

The study sought to assess the potential utility of impedance cardiography (ICG) to detect hemodynamic changes after erythrocytapheresis in stable children with sickle cell disease (SCD). We prospectively monitored cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, heart rate, and blood pressure using ICG before and after erythrocytapheresis in 26 stable children with SCD. Echocardiography was carried out in all patients to evaluate left ventricular systolic function. Hemoglobin (Hb), sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS), and ferritin levels were also measured. Of a total of 78 erythrocytapheresis procedures in 26 children with SCD, 22 (28.2%) had hypotensive episodes defined as a decrease in systolic, diastolic, or mean blood pressure by 10 mmHg. Risk factors for developing hypotension during erythrocytapheresis were identified with logistic regression analysis: lower-body surface area and decrease in cardiac index. In contrast, age, prepheresis Hb and HbS, serum ferritin levels, and left ventricular function at baseline were not associated with hypotension. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the ICG technique to detect the hemodynamic changes in children with SCD after an erythrocytapheresis procedure.