Utility of Data Aggregation Technique for Wireless Sensor Network: Detailed Survey Report

Abstract

Small size sensor nodes form the ad hoc wireless sensor network (WSN). This network is generally used to collect and process data from different regions where the movement of human being are unusual in modern age. The sensor nodes are deployed in such position where fixed network is not being present. That location may be very remote or some disaster-prone area. In disaster-prone zone, after disaster, most often no fixed network remains active. In that scenario, one of the reliable sources to collect the data is the ad-hoc sensor network. As sensor nodes are very much battery hunger, an efficient power utilization is required for enhancing the network-lifetime by reducing data traffic in the WSN. For this reason, it is important to develop very efficient software and hardware solutions as well as managing different topological aspects to make the most efficient use of limited resources in terms of energy, computation and storage. One of the most suitable approaches is data aggregation protocol which can reduce the communication cost by extending the lifetime of sensor networks. The process on cost reduction of WSN techniques are developing in different aspects like intelligent cluster based and tree based approaches. These are used for most suitable data aggregation techniques. In this concern, many different approaches also be used for cluster formation and collecting data from different sensor nodes. This data may be aggregated after collection in sensor nodes (data fusion) or aggregated after collection in sink node/ cluster head. Our aim in the study paper is to visualize and analyze different approaches which are applicable to reduce the power consumption of the sensor node as well as to transfer data from source to destination in different unusual scenarios such as damage of sensor node or movability of nodes etc. efficiently. Our effort is to study, as much as possible, different types of data aggregation related techniques also. Achieving the concept, our findings will provide us with a new way-out for further development of sensor network as well as the efficient use of different techniques in specific applications of those networks in a suitable manner. At last our study is confined only in the case of various types of data aggregation techniques by giving special importance to the cluster based approach to increase the life time of different nodes used in WSN.