Abstract
Exploration for ideal bone regeneration materials still remains a hot research topic due to the unmet clinical challenge of large bone defect healing. Bone grafting materials have gradually evolved from single component to multiple-component composite, but their functions during bone healing still only regulate one or two biological processes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel materials with more complex composition, which convey multiple biological functions during bone regeneration. Here, we report an naturally nanostructured ECM based composite scaffold derived from fish air bladder and combined with dicalcium phosphate (DCP) microparticles to form a new type of bone grafting material. The DCP/acellular tissue matrix (DCP/ATM) scaffold demonstrated porous structure with porosity over 65% and great capability of absorbing water and other biologics. In vitro cell culture study showed that DCP/ATM scaffold could better support osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in comparison with DCP/ADC made from acid extracted fish collagen. Moreover, DCP/ATM also demonstrated more potent bone regenerative properties in a rat calvarial defect model, indicating incorporation of ECM based matrix in the scaffolds could better support bone formation. Taken together, this study demonstrates a new avenue toward the development of new type of bone regeneration biomaterial utilizing ECM as its key components.
Highlights
Repair of critical-sized bone defects resulted from high-energy trauma, infection, resection of bone tumors or congenital malformation still remains a major challenge in clinic (Seal et al, 2001; ElRashidy et al, 2017; Qu et al, 2019; Pereira et al, 2020)
To develop a novel type of bone tissue engineering scaffold using fish derived materials, the overarching strategy was to leverage the advantages of fish air bladder tissue matrix to design an acellular tissue matrix based composite scaffold for bone regeneration
Air bladder tissue was firstly micronized into microfibers to destruct the original tissue structure; micronized tissue was decellularized via a series of chemical treatment to remove any cellular components
Summary
Repair of critical-sized bone defects resulted from high-energy trauma, infection, resection of bone tumors or congenital malformation still remains a major challenge in clinic (Seal et al, 2001; ElRashidy et al, 2017; Qu et al, 2019; Pereira et al, 2020). Air Bladder-Derived Nanastructured ECM represented by hydroxyapatite and other calcium phosphates (Cutright et al, 1972; Yamada et al, 1997; LeGeros, 2002; Tien et al, 2004; Ogose et al, 2005; Komaki et al, 2006; Ng et al, 2008; Fei et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2012; Liu et al, 2013) While these materials have been widely used in clinic and achieved certain successes, their applications in large bone defects are extremely challenging due to their limited bioactivity and flexibility (Woodard et al, 2007; Chocholata et al, 2019; Bohner et al, 2020). It is highly desirable to seek materials which can circumvent the issues associated with chemically extracted collagen
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