Utility of 3-Dimensional Modeling in Prenatally Diagnosed Large Fetal Neck Mass

Abstract

Introduction: Prenatally diagnosed large fetal neck mass requires multidisciplinary consultation and evaluation of perinatal treatment options. The decision to perform ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) is based on risk-benefit assessment for both the infant and mother. Though fetal ultrasound and MRI assist with operative planning, a three-dimensional anatomic model offers improved anatomic visualization and prenatal patient counseling. Case Presentation: Multiple surveillance ultrasound exams between gestational weeks 16 and 32 plus fetal MRI at 29/3 weeks were performed for fetal evaluation. A 3-dimensional model was printed (Form 3 and 3L, clear resin, Formlabs) incorporating fetal MRI (Ax SSFSE TE 100 DL and Cor SSFSE Brain DL) and using Mimics Medical and 3-matic Medical software (Materialise). A left fetal multicystic neck mass measuring 2.1 × 1.8 × 1.5 cm was diagnosed at 16/6 weeks gestation in a G8P2416. Fetal MRI performed at 29/3 weeks showed a large exophytic mixed solid-cystic cervicofacial mass, 10.3 × 9.4 × 10.6 cm arising from the left mandible, concerning for a teratoma. Prior to delivery, the model was used to educate and counsel the family regarding the complex clinical situation and the reasoning for delivery via EXIT followed by mass resection. Additionally, the model demonstrated tracheal narrowing and oropharyngeal compression, supporting airway intervention planning. The fetus was delivered at 32/3 weeks via EXIT to intubation using rigid bronchoscopy. Duration of time on placental support was 12 min. On day of life 5, the patient underwent resection of the cervical mass. Pathology revealed an immature teratoma, histologic grade 3 without yolk sac elements, and negative regional lymph nodes. Conclusion: Three-dimensional fetal modeling facilitates perinatal airway needs assessment, patient counseling, delivery, and postnatal management.