Abstract
The fact is that Nigeria ceramic raw materials are underutilized as a result of inadequate information on the materials which limits the local production of water closet. The emphasis of this research was on the suitability of the physio-chemical properties of the abundant locally sourced ceramic raw materials from South-west Nigeria. The selected locally sourced raw materials included: kaolin, feldspar, silica and ball clay. The Physical properties carried out on the specimens produced include chemical analysis, shrinkage, porosity, bulk density, modulus of rupture, plasticity and viscosity. The physical property tests were done in accordance with (ASTM C). Standard and the chemical composition were identified by AAS spectrometer. However, the ratio of kaolin, feldspar, quartz and ball clay was varied in five major formulation represented as A, B, C, D and E. The clay, kaolin, quartz and feldspar used in this study were found to belong to alumina-silicate group suitable for the production of standard water closet. The samples’ properties met the required standards; hence, the materials were found suitable for production of water closet of acceptable standards. Composition A specimen gives the most suitable proportions for the production of water closet at 40% of kaolin, 25% of feldspar, 10% of quartz and 25% of ball clay respectively.
Highlights
IntroductionThis water closet is a sanitary fixture used primarily for the disposal of human excrement and urine, often found in a small room referred to as toilet, bathroom
The clay, kaolin, quartz and feldspar used in this study were found to belong to alumina-silicate group suitable for the production of standard water closet
Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering of water closet at 40% of kaolin, 25% of feldspar, 10% of quartz and 25% of ball clay respectively
Summary
This water closet is a sanitary fixture used primarily for the disposal of human excrement and urine, often found in a small room referred to as toilet, bathroom. A system for dealing with excrement is necessary in every human community, and the need becomes more pressing in more densely populated areas [1]. In Nigeria at earlier period, there had been problems of open defecation which dates back to when people living in the rural communities made use of dump sites and bushes to relieve themselves. The ceramic industries in Nigeria have not been enterprising when judged from available data as sourced from the Raw Materials Research and Development Council (RMRDC), Abuja. Six problems were identified to be militating against Nigeria ceramics industry in the past and these included unfavorable industrial climate, entrepreneurial attitude, lack of skilled manpower, neo-colonial acculturation, lack of inter-disciplinary co-operation and poor management
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