Abstract
Self tolerance is dependent on regulatory T cells (Treg) which suppress effector T cells, avoiding autoimmunity. Functional and quantitative deficits of Treg have been reported in autoimmune diseases. A new therapeutic approach consisting in Treg adoptive transfer has proved to be efficient and safe in murine models. Two populations seem to be available for a clinical application: CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) natural Treg derived from the thymus and induced regulatory T cells. First clinical trials have been applied to patients with autoimmune diseases. Classical treatments of autoimmune diseases are usually non-curative and require long-term administration. Treg cellular therapy may have a long-term effect and offers an alternative attractive approach.
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