Utilidad clínica de la mamografía con contraste (CEM): una revisión de la literatura

Abstract

Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) is a promising new imaging technique based on neovascularisation of the tumour, similar to magnetic resonance imaging of the breast. The results of clinical studies show that its diagnostic performance is significantly better than that of conventional digital mammography, and that its sensitivity and specificity are comparable to those of magnetic resonance imaging. Its current and proposed uses include further evaluation of symptomatic patients or patients with abnormal results on previous examinations, assessment of the local extension of newly diagnosed breast tumours, follow-up of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and detection of breast cancer in high-risk patients. Although the technique was approved for clinical use in 2010, it is still little known. In this review, we present the technique of CEM and its results in terms of diagnostic performance compared with conventional mammography and breast MRI. We also discuss the various scenarios in which it can be used successfully, both in the diagnosis of breast disease and in the local staging of breast cancer, as well as its potential role in breast cancer screening programmes.