Uticaj fitopatogenih gljiva na parametre kvaliteta semena boranije u periodu 2018-2022

Abstract

Green beans are among the most essential legumes because of their nutritional value. However, the production of green beans in Serbia suffers major decline due to significantly reduced yields, as well as the sown areas. Diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi not only reduce yield and have the negative impact on total germination and seed quality of green beans, but also some phytopathogenic fungi can produce mycotoxins, adversely affecting human health. In this paper, the quality parameters of two green bean varieties (GB1 and GB2) were monitored for quality traits over a period of five years on the territory of Smederevska Palanka. The energy germination and total germination were the highest in the first observed year and amounted to 63% and 88% for GB1, respectively. For GB2 the energy germination and total germination (2018) were 71% and 75%, respectively. A significant decline in total germination was determined in 2020. and amounted to 75% for GB1 and 67% for GB2( p<0.05). The lowest energy germination and total germination were obtained in the last observed year (2022) in both genotypes and statistically increased infection with Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. The presence of Alternaria sp. was detected for GB1 and GB2 in the range of 2-3% (2018); Fusarium sp. was 3%. In the last observed year, the presence of other fungi was determined, apropos a higher percentage of diseased seeds with Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. (5-6%). Other phytopathogenic fungi were detected in both genotypes: Aspergillus sp. (1-3%), Penicillium sp. (1-4%), Rhizopus sp. (1-3%) and Rhizoctonia solani (2-3%). The moisture was 8.5-10.9 for both genotypes and did not differ statistically between varieties (p>0.05). The impact of phytopathogenic fungi on green beans was reflected in the reduction of total germination, and therefore in seed quality and yield. The priority of future research is the application of biotreatments that will contribute to seed protection and improve total germination, and thus the yield in the field.