Abstract
Background: Uterine myxoid leiomyosarcoma is rare, has a poor prognosis, and must be distinguished from a uterine myoma with myxomatous change. Case: A 56-year-old woman with a history of epigastric pain and generalized abdominal swelling had a peritoneal cavity filled with tumor that originated from the posterior uterine wall. Chemotherapy and two operations for recurrence could not prevent fatal metastases to the vascular system. Histopathology showed a typical myxoid leiomyosarcoma. Conclusion: Although the patient’s prognosis was poor, no mitoses were observed, and the nuclear abnormalities were not sufficient to diagnose the tumor as malignant at the initial surgery. Whenever a uterine myoma with myxomatous change is found, the patient should be monitored carefully.
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