Abstract
Following parturition in the cow, there is a significant period of sexual quiescence of variable length. This period of reproductive quiescence was found to be longer in suckling or intensively milked animals.This acyclic period is generally considered as the postpartum anoestrous period. The postpartum period constitutes an important period in the reproductive life of dairy cows because of its enormous influence upon subsequent fertility. The entire postpartum period, puerperium, is defined as the period from parturition until the genital organs return to its normal physiological and histological condition, as in normal non-gravid state. They added that any extension of the puerperium in cows might have a detrimental effect on the reproductive performance of the individual animal. Thus, the main determinant of this period is essentially dependent on the resumption of normal ovarian cycles, the manifestation of estrus behaviour and conception following insemination.
Highlights
Puerperium in cattle is classified into three stages, early puerperium, clinical puerperium, and whole puerperium
Depending on the endocrine status the puerperium is classified into the puerperal period, intermediate period or pre-ovulatory period and post-ovulatory period
The post-ovulatory period is the period which begins with first ovulation and lasts until complete uterine involution at 40-45 days postpartum
Summary
Puerperium in cattle is classified into three stages, early puerperium, clinical puerperium, and whole puerperium. Et al (2016) reported a complete involution of a uterus in dairy cows within forty to fifty days postpartum [2]. The restoration of ovarian acyclic activity after calving play an important role in the uterine defense mechanisms to prevent invading of bacteria from colonizing the uterus and delay the completion of uterine involution as well as causing harmful effects on the reproductive efficiency of the cow [25].
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